Geologic Time Scale: Holocene Epoch

Genus, species and subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris
Common name: Domestic Dog
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Carnivore

Genus, species and subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris
Common name: Domestic Dog
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Felis catus
Common name: Domestic cat
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Felinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Mustela furo
Common name: Domesticated Ferret
Classification: Family: Mustelidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Upper Northern hemisphere
Diet: Carnivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus
Common name: Domestic rabbit
Classification: Family: Leporidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global (domestic)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus
Common name: Domestic rabbit
Classification: Family: Leporidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global (domestic)
Diet: Herbivore

Common name: Hamsters
Classification: Family: Cricetidae – Subfamily: Cricetinae
Time: Middle Miocene to Holocene
Range: Global (domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Mus musculus
Common name: House mouse
Classification: Family: Muridae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Bos primigenius
Common name: Texas Longhorn Cattle
Specimen: Cow, Calf, and Bull
Classification: Family: Bovinae
Time: Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Bos primigenius
Common name: Holstein Friesian Cattle
Specimen: Cow, Calf, and Bull
Classification: Family: Bovinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Originate in Europe, Global (domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Bos taurus
Common name: Spanish Fighting Bull (Toro Bravo)
Specimen: Bull
Classification: Family: Bovinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Spain, Portugal,France, and Latin America (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Hybrid Bos (primigenius) taurus/indicus
Common name: American Brahman
Specimen: Bull
Classification: Family: Bovinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Australia, Brazil, and United States (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Ovis aries
Common name: Ram or male sheep
Classification: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Caprinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore (Grazer)

Genus and species: Ovis aries
Common name: Leicester Longwool Sheep
Classification: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Caprinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore (Grazer)

Genus and species: Ovis aries
Common name: Black Faced Sheep
Classification: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Caprinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Europe (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore (Grazer)

Genus and species: Ovis aries
Common name: Valais Blacknose Sheep
Classification: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Caprinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore (Grazer)

Genus, subspecies, and subspecies: Equus africanus asinus
Common name: Donkey
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Equus ferus caballus
Common name: Haflinger Mare (Domesticated)
Classifacation: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Europe (Austria and Italy)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Equus ferus caballus
Common name: Appaloosa Horse Mare and Foal (Domesticated)
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: United States
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Equus ferus caballus
Common name: Friesian Mare and Foal (Domesticated)
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Europe (Netherlands)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Equus ferus caballus
Common name: Percheron Stallion (Domesticated)
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Europe (France) and United States of America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Equus ferus caballus
Common name: Gray Andalusian Stallion (Domesticated)
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Europe (Spain)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Equus ferus caballus
Common name: Black Shire Stallion (Domesticated)
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and United States
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Ursus maritimus
Common name: Polar Bear
Classification: Family: Ursidae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Artic Circle
Diet: Carnivore

Genus, species and subspecies: Canis lupus arctos
Common name: Arctic Wolf
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Holocene
Range: North Polar Region
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Vulpes lagopus
Common name: Arctic Fox
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Artic
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Bubo scandiacus
Common name: Snowy owl
Classification: Order: Strigiformes – Family: Strigidae
Range: Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Northern Europe, and Russia
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Orcinus orca
Common name: Killer whale
Classification: Family: Delphinidae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Phoca vitulina
Common name: Harbor (common) Seal
Classification: Family: Phocidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Northern seas
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Odobenus rosmarus
Common name: Male Pacific walrus
Classification: Family: Odobenidae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North Pole surrounding oceans
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Zalophus californianus
Common name: Californian Sea Lion
Classification: Family: Otariidae
Time: Holocene
Range: North American west coast
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Bison bison
Common name: Bison
Specimen: Bull, Cow, and Calf
Classification: Subfamily: Bovinae – Subtribe: Bovina
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Herbivore (Ruminants)

Genus and species: Antilocapra americana
Common name: Pronghorn
Classification: Subfamily: Antilocaprini
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Western North American
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species and subspecies: Canis lupus lupus
Common name: Wolf
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America, Europe and Asia
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Canus latrans
Common name: Coyote
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Alces alces
Common name: Moose (bull)
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America, northern Europe and Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Rangifer tarandus
Common name: Reindeer or Caribou
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae, Tribe: Rangifer
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Northern North America and Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Cervinae canadensis
Common name: Elk
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America and Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Oreamnos americanus
Common name: Mountain goat
Classification: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Caprinae
Time: Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Ursus arctos
Common name: Grizzly Bear
Classification: Family: Ursidae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Northwest North America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Ursus americanus
Common name: American Black Bear
Classification: Family: Ursidae
Time: Late Pliocene to Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus, species and subspecies: Canis lupus lupus
Common name: Wolf
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America, Europe and Asia
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Canus latrans
Common name: Coyote
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Puma concolor
Common name: Cougar, Puma, Mountain Lion
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Felinae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: The Americas
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Lynx rufus
Common name: Bobcat
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Felinae
Time: Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Common name: Bald Eagle
Classification: Order: Accipitriformes- Family: Accipitridae
Range: North America
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Castor canadensis
Common name: North American beaver
Classification: Family: Castoridae
Time: Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Lynx canadensis
Common name: Canadain lynx
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Felinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Canada and Alaska
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Vulpes vulpes
Common name: Red Fox
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Northern Hemisphere
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Myotis lucifugus
Common name: Little brown bat
Classification: Family: Vespertilionidae
Time: Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Insectivore

Genus and species: Perca flavescens
Common name: Yellow Perch
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Perciformes – Family: Percidae
Range: North America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Acipenser fulvescens
Common name: Lake Sturgeon
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Acipenseriformes – Family: Acipenseridae
Range: Great Lakes, North America
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Necturus maculosus
Common name: Mudpuppy
Classification: Family: Necturus
Range: Central United States and Southern Canada
Time: Paleocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Ardea herodias
Common name: Great Blue Heron
Classification: Order: Pelecaniformes – Family: Ardeidae
Range: North America
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Dasypus novemcinctus
Common name: Nine-banned armadillo
Classification: Family: Dasypodidae
Time: Holocene
Range: North, Central, and  South America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Lepus sp.
Common name: Hare
Classification: Family: Leporidae
Time: Holocene
Range: North American
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Pecari  tajacu
Common name: Collared peccary
Classification: Family: Tayassuidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central, South and Sourthern North America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Leopardus pardalis
Common name: Ocelot
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Felinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central and South Americas
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Phrynosoma sp.
Common name: Horny toads or horntoads
Classification: Family: Phrynosomaidae
Range: North America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Insectivore

Genus and species: Heloderma suspectum
Common names: Gila monster
Classification: Family: Helodermidae
Range: American Southwest
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genera: Crotalinae and Sistrurus
Common name: Rattle snake
Classification: Family: Viperidae – Subfamily Crotalinae
Range: North America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Gymnogyps californianus 
Common name: California condor
Classification: Order: Cathartiformes – Family: Cathartidae
Range: California, Arizona, Utah and northern Mexico Baja
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Phoenicopterus ruber
Common name: Flamingos
Classification: Order: Pheonicopterifermes – Family: Phoenicopteridae
Range: South America, Africa, Carribean, Florida, Yucatan Peninsula, Southern Europe, Western India and Asia
Time: Late Oligocene to Holocene
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Larus smithsonianus
Common name: Herring Gull
Classification: Order: Charadriiformes – Family: Laridae
Range: North America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Eudicimus albus
Common name: American white ibis
Classification: Order: Pelecaniformes – Family: Threskiornithidae
Range: Southern North America, northern South America, and Central America’s coast
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Common name: American white pelican
Classification: Order: Pelecaniformes – Family: Pelecanus
Range: North America and Central America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Bubo virginianus
Common name: Great horned owl
Classification: Order: Strigiformes – Family: Strigidae
Range: North, Central and South America
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus, and species: Meleagris gallopavo
Common name: Turkey
Classification: Order: Galliformes – Family: Phasianida – Subfamily: Phasianinae – Tribe: Meleagridini
Range: North America
Time: Early Miocene to Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Castor canadensis
Common name: North American beaver
Classification: Family: Castoridae
Time: Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Canus latrans
Common name: Coyote
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Carnivore

Genus: Mephitis mephitis
Common name: Striped Skunk
Classification: Family: Mephitidae
Time: Holocene
Range: North America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Odocoileus virginianus
Common name: White-tailed deer (Dow and Fawn)
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North, Central and northern South America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Sus scrofa
Common name: Wild boar
Classification: Family: Suidae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Europe, Asia, Australia, Caribean, North America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Pseudotriton ruber
Common name: Red Salamander
Classification: Family: Plethodontidae
Range: Eastern United States
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Name and species: Macrochelys sp.
Common name: “Alligator snapping turtle”
Classification: Order: Testudines -‭ Suborder: Cryptodira Family: Chelydridae
Diet: Carnivore
Known locations: Southeastern United States
Time period: Miocene to Holocene

Name and species: Chelydra serpentina
Common name: “Common snapping turtles”
Classification: Order: Testudines -‭ Suborder: Cryptodira – Family: Chelydridae
Diet: Carnivore
Known locations: Eastern and non-coastal central North America
Time period: Holocene

Name and species: Graptemys sp.
Common name: “Sawback turtles or Map turtles”
Classification: Order: Testudines -‭ Suborder: Cryptodira – Family: Emydidae – Subfamily: Deirochelyinae
Diet: Carnivore
Known locations: Eastern North America and Gulf Coast
Time period: Pleistocene to Holocene

Genus and species: Agkistrodon piscivorus
Common name: Cottonmouth, Water Moccasin, Swamp Moccasin, Black Moccasin, and Viper
Classification: Family: Viperidae
Range: Southeast United States
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Panthera onca
Common name: Jaguar
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Patherinae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Central and South America
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Chrysocyon brachyurus
Common name: Maned Wolf
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Late Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: South America
Diet: Carnivore

Genus: Nasua and Nasuella
Common name: Coati
Classification: Family: Procyonidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central and Northern South America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Common name: Giant anteater
Classification: Family: Myrmecophagidae
Time: Miocene to Holocene
Range: Southern Central and  South America
Diet: Insectivore

Genus and species: Bradypus tridactylus
Common name: Three-toed sloths
Classification: Family: Bradypodidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central South America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Choloepus hoffmanni
Common name: Two-toed sloths
Classification: Family: Choloepodidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central South America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Common name: Capybara
Classification: Family: Caviidae
Time: Holocene
Range: South America
Diet: Herbivore

Common Name: Manatee (sea cows)
Genus: Trichechus (Linnaeus 1758)
Size: 4.0m (13.1 ft)
Wieght: 590 kilograms (1,3000 lb)
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Lama glama
Common name: Lama
Classification: Family: Camelidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Western South America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Vicugna pacos
Common name: Alpaca
Classification: Family: Camelidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central western South America
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Agalychnis callidryas
Common name: Red-eyed tree frog
Classification: Family: Phyllomedusidae
Range: Central America (Neotropical rainforest)
Time: Holocene
Diet: Insectivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Dendrobates tinctorius azureus
Common name: Blue poison dart frog
Classification: Family: Dendrobatidae
Range: Sipaliwini Savanna, Southern Suriname of northern Brazil
Time: Holocene
Diet: Insectivore

Genus and species: Pharomachrus mocinno
Common name: Resplendent quetzal
Classification: Order: Trogoniformes – Family: Trognidae
Range: Central American
Time: Holocene
Diet: Omnivore

Genus  and species: Ramphastos sulfuratus
Common name: Keel-billed toucan
Classification: Order: Piciformes – Family: Ramphastidae
Range: Central American and northern South America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Eudicimus ruber
Common name: Scarlet ibis
Classification: Order: Pelecaniformes – Family: Threskiornithidae
Range: Northern and one western South American coast
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Eudicimus albus
Common name: American white ibis
Classification: Order: Pelecaniformes – Family: Threskiornithidae
Range: Southern North America, northern South America, and Central America’s coast
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Amazonia viridigenalis
Common name: Red-crowned amazon
Classification: Order: Psittaciformes – Family: Psittacidae
Range: Western central Mexico
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Ara chloropterus
Common name: Red-and-green macaw
Classification: Order: Psittaciformes – Family: Psittacidae
Range: Northern South America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Ara ararauna
Common name: Blue-and-yellow macaw
Classification:Order: Psittaciformes – Family: Psittacidae
Range: Northern South America 
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Corallus caninus
Common name: Emerald tree boa
Classification: Family: Boidae
Range: South American
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Macaca silenus
Common name: Spider monkey
Classification: Family: Atelidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Central and South America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Saimiri sciureus
Common name: Common squirrel monkey
Classification: Family: Cebidae
Time: Miocene (Laventan) to Holocene
Location: Northern South America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Saimiri vanzolinii
Common name: Black squirrel monkey
Classification:Family: Cebidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Small endangered population in northern Brazil
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Cebus cuscinus
Common name: Shock-headed capuchin
Classification: Family: Cebidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Upper Amazon Basin, montane forests of western Andes Mountains
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Leontopithecus rosalia
Common name: Golden lion tamarin
Classification: Family: Callitrichidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Atlantic coastal forest, Brazil
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Leontopithecus rosalia
Common name: Golden lion tamarin
Classification: Family: Callitrichidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Atlantic coastal forest, Brazil
Diet: Omnivore

Name and species: Chelonia mydas
Common name: “Green sea turtle”
Classification: Order: Testudines -‭ Family: Cheloniinae
Diet: Juveniles are carnivores, adults are omnivores
Known locations: Global non artic
Time period: Holocene

Name and species: Chelonoidis niger
Common name: “Galapagos tortoise”
Classification: Order: Testudines -‭ Suborder: Cryptodira – Superfamily: Testudinoidea – ‬Family: Testudinidae
Diet: Herbivores
Known locations: Galapagos Islands
Time period: Holocene

Genus and species: Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Common name: Galapagos marine iguana
Classification: Family: Iguanidae
Range: Galapagos Islands 
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Conolophus subcristatus
Common name: Galapagos land iguana
Classification: Family: Iguanidae
Range: Galapagos Islands
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Sula nebouxii
Common name: Blue-footed booby
Classification: Order: Suliformes – Family: Sulidae
Range: Galapagos Islands, west coast Mexico and northwest coast of South America
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Sula suka
Common name: Red-footed booby
Classification: Order: Suliformes – Family: Sulidae
Range: Central Indian, Pacific and south-central Atlantic Oceans
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Fregata minor
Common name: Great frigatebird
Classification: Order: Suliformes – Family: Fregatidae
Range: Most tropical oceans
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Buteo galapagoensis
Common name: Galapagos hawk
Classification: Order: Accipitriformes- Family: Accipitridae
Range: Galapagos islands
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Alces alces
Common name: Moose (bull, cow, fawn)
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America, northern Europe and Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Cervus elaphus
Common name: Red deer (buck, dow, fawn)
Classification: Subfamily: Cervinae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Europe, western Asia, and northwest Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Rangifer tarandus
Common name: Reindeer or Caribou
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae, Tribe: Rangifer
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Northern North America and Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Capreolus capreolus
Common name: Roe deer
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Europe to Middle East
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Vulpes vulpes
Common name: Red Fox
Classification: Family: Canidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Northern Hemisphere
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Meles meles
Common name: European badger
Classification: Family: Mustelidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Recent
Range: Europe
Diet: Carnivore

Genus: Lutra
Common name: Otter
Classification: Family: Mustelidae – Subfamily: Lutrinae
Time: Middle Miocene to Holocene
Range: Eurasian
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Erinaceus europaeus
Common name: European hedgehog
Classification: Family: Erinaceidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Europe
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Sciurus vulgaris
Common name: Eurasian red squirrel
Classification: Family: Sciurus
Time: Holocene
Range: Asia and Europe
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Mus musculus
Common name: House mouse
Classification: Family: Muridae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Panthera leo
Common name: African Lion
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Patherinae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Panthera pardus
Common name: Leopard
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Patherinae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Acinonyx jubatus
Common name: Cheetah
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Felinae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Crocuta crocuta
Common name: Spotted hyena
Classification: Family: Hyaenidae
Time: Late Pliocene to Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Syncerus caffer
Common name: African Cape buffalo
Classification: Subfamily Bovinae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Central to South Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Connochaetes taurinus
Common name: Blue Wildebeest
Specimen: Cow and calf
Classifiication: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Alcelaphinae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Southern Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Eudorcas thomsonii
Common name: Thomson’s gazelle
Specimen: Cow and calf
Classification: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Antilopinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Phacochoerus africanus
Common name: Common Warthog
Classification: Family: Suidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Omnivore

Genus, subgenus and species: Equus Hippotgris quagga
Common name: Plains Zebra
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, subgenus and species: Equus Hippotgris grevyi
Common name: Grévy’s Zebra
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: East Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, subgenus and species: Equus Hippotgris zebra
Common name: Mountain Zebra
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, species, and subspecies: Equus quagga quagga
Common name: Quagga
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene (Extinct 1883)
Range: South Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Ceratotherium simum
Common name: White Rhinoceras
Classification: Family: Rhinocerotidae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Central and Southern Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Diceros bicornis
Common name: Black or Hook-lipped Rhinoceros
Classification: Rhinocerotidae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Hippoptamus amphibius
Common name: Hippo
Classification: Family: Hippoptamidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central, South Africa and Nile River
Diet: Herbivore

Genus: Loxodonta africana
Common name: African Bush Elephant
Classification: Family: Elephantidae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene 0 mya
Range: Africa
Size: Males 3.96m (13.0 ft) and Females 2m (6.6 ft) hieght
Diet: Herbivore (grazer)

Genus: Smutsia temminckii
Common name: Ground pangolin
Classification: Family: Manidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Cynictis penicillata
Common name: Yellow mongoose
Classification: Family: Herpestidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Southern Africa
Diet: Carnivore

Genera: Naja Afronaja
Common name: Black-necked spitting cobra
Classification: Family: Elapidae
Range: Sub-Saharan Africa
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Struthio camelus
Common name: Common ostrich
Classification: Order: Struthioiformes – Family: Struthionidae
Range: Africa
Time: Miocene to Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Papio anubis
Common name: Olive baboon
Classification: Family: Cercopithecidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Central Africa
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Spheniscus demersus
Common name: African penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: South African coast
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Eudyptes chrysocome
Common name: Southern rockhopper penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: South Atlantic
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Eudyptes chrysocome
Common name: Southern rockhopper penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: South Atlantic
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Capra nubiana
Common name: Nubian Ibex
Classification: Family: Caprinae – Subfamily: Caprinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Middle East
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Oryx dammah
Common name: Scimitar oryx
Classification: Family: Bovidae – Subfamily: Hippotraginae
Time: Holocene
Range: Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Camelus dromedarius
Common name: Dromedary
Classification: Family: Camelidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Africa, Middle East and western Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus, subspecies, and subspecies: Equus africanus asinus
Common name: Donkey
Classification: Family: Equidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global (Domesticated)
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Rousettus aegyptiacus
Common name: Egyptian fruit bat
Classification: Family: Pteropodidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Africa, Middle East, and Southwest Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Pan troglodytes
Common name: Chimpanzees
Classification: Family: Hominidae – Subfamily: Homininae – Tribe: Hominini – Subtribe: Panina
Time: Middle Pliocene to Holocene
Location: Central Africa
Diet: Omniovore

Genus and species: Gorilla gorilla
Common name: Gorilla
Classification: Family: Hominidae – Subfamily: Homininae – Tribe: Gorillini
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Location: Central Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Mandrillus sphinx
Common name: Mandrill
Classification: Family: Cercopithecidae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Location: West central Africa
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Cercopithecus ascanius
Common name: Red-tailed monkey
Classification: Family: Cercopithecidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Central Africa
Diet: Omnivores

Genus and species: Okapia johnstoni
Common name: Okapi
Classification: Family: Giraffidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Tragelaphus eurycerus
Common name: Bongo
Classification: Subfamily Bovinae
Time: Holocene
Range: West central Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Propithecus candidus
Common name: Silky Sifaka
Classification:Superfamily: Lemuroidea – Family: Indriidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Northeastern Madagascar
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Lemur catta
Common name: Ring-tailed lemur
Classification: Superfamily: Lemuroidea – Family: Lemuridae
Time: Holocene
Location: Southwestern Madagascar
Diet: Omnivore

Common name: Chameleon
Classification: Family: Chameleonidae
Range: Africa, Madagascar, Middle East, Morrocco, Sothern India
Time: Early Miocene to Holocene
Diet: Insectivore

Genus and species: Raphus cucullatus
Common name: Dodo
Classification: Order: Columbiformes – Family: Columbidae – Subfamily: Raphinae
Range: Mauritius
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore (fallen fruit, nuts, seeds, roots, and bulbs). Possible shellfish and crabs?

Genus and species: Panthera tigris
Common name: Tiger
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Patherinae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Asia
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Panthera uncia
Common name: Snow Leopard
Classification: Family: Felidae – Subfamily: Patherinae
Time: Holocene
Range: Asia
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Melursus ursinus
Common name: Sloth Bear
Classification: Family: Ursidae – Subfamily: Ursinae
Time: Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Indian subcontinent
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Helarctos malayanus
Common name: Sun Bear
Classification: Family: Ursidae – Subfamily: Ursinae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Southeast Asia
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Aliurus fulgens
Common name: Red Panada
Classification: Family: Ailuridae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Range: China
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Macaca silenus
Common name: Lion-tailed macaque
Classification: Family: Cercopithecidae
Time: Holocene
Location: Southwestern India
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Nasalis larvatus
Common name: Proboscis monkey
Classification: Family: Cercopithecidae, Subfamily: Colobinae
Time: Holocene
Location: Malaysia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Pongo pygmaeus
Common name: Orangutans
Classification: Family: Hominidae – Subfamily: Ponginae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Location: Southeast Asia and South China
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Elephas maximus
Common name: Asian Elephant
Classification: Family: Elephantidae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene 0 mya
Range: South Asia
Size: Males 2.75m (9.0 ft) and Females 2.40m (7.9 ft) hieght
Diet: Herbivore (grazer)

Genus and species: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
Common name: Sumatran Rhinoceras
Classification: Rhinocerotidae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Southeast Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Acrocodia indica
Common name: Malayan Tapir
Classifiaction: Tapiridae
Time: ??? to Holocene
Range: Southest Asia and Indonesia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Sus scrofa
Common name: Wild boar
Classification: Family: Suidae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Europe, Asia, Australia, Caribean, North America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Alces alces
Common name: Moose (bull)
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North America, northern Europe and Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Cervus elaphus
Common name: Red deer (Buck, Dow, Fawn)
Classification: Subfamily: Cervinae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Europe, western Asia, and northwest Africa
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Rangifer tarandus
Common name: Reindeer or Caribou
Classification: Subfamily: Capreolinae, Tribe: Rangifer
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Northern North America and Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Camelus bactrianus
Common name: Bactrian camel
Classification: Family: Camelidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Central Asia
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Phoenicopterus ruber
Common name: Flamingos
Classification: Order: Pheonicopterifermes – Family: Phoenicopteridae
Range: South America, Africa, Carribean, Florida, Yucatan Peninsula, Southern Europe, Western India and Asia
Time: Late Oligocene to Holocene
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Gavialis gangeticus
Common Name: Gharial
Named by: Schneider – 1801
Classification: Order: Crocodilia, Family: Gavialidae
Time: Pleisocene to Holocene
Locality:  India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Size: Males 3 to 6 m (9 ft 10 in to 19 ft 8 in), Femailes 2.6 to 4.5 m (8 ft 6 in to 14 ft 9in)
Diet: Carnivore
 

Common name: Gekko
Classification: Family: Gekkonidae
Range: Warm Climates
Time: Early Cretaceous to Holocene
Diet: Insectivore

Genus and species: Varanus komodoensis
Common name: Komodo dragon
Range: Indonesia, Flores, Gili Montang, Rinca
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Melopsittacus undulatus
Common name: Budgerigar
Classification: Order: Psittaciformes – Family: Psittacidae
Range: Australia
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Cacatua galerita
Common name: Yellow-crested cockatoo
Classification: Order: Psittaciformes – Family: Cacatuidae
Range: Australia
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Calyptorhynchus banksii
Common name: Red-tailed black cockatoo
Classification: Order: Psittaciformes – Family: Cacatuidae
Range: Australia
Time: Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Dromaius novaehollandiae
Common name: Emu
Classification: Order: Casuariiformes – Family: Casuariidae
Range: Australia
Time: Miocene to Holocene
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Eudyptes schlegeli
Common name: Royal penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: Southeast Indian Ocean
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Megadyptes antipodes
Common name: Yellow-eyed penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: Southeast New Zealand and islands
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Eudyptes sclateri
Common name: Erect-crested penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: Southeast New Zealand islands
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus: Ornithorhynchus anatinus
Common name: Platypus
Classification: Family: Ornithorhynchidae
Time: Miocene to Holocene
Range: Eastern Austrailia
Diet: Carnivore (annelid worms, insect larva, freshwater shrimp and crawfish)

Genus and species: Crocodylus porosus
Common Name: Saltwater crocodile
Named by: Schneider – 1801
Classification: Order: Crocodilia, Family: Crocodylidae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Locality:  Southeast Asia, Micronesia, and Sundaic region to northern Australia
Size: Males 6 m (20 ft), Femailes 3 m (10 ft)
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Oxyuranus microlepidotus
Common name: Taipan
Classification: Family: Elapidae – Subfamily Hydrophiinae
Range: Australia
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Chlamydosaurus kingii
Common name: Frilled lizard
Classification: Family: Agamidae
Range: Northern Australia, Southern  New Guinea
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Sus scrofa
Common name: Wild boar
Classification: Family: Suidae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Europe, Asia, Australia, Caribean, North America
Diet: Omnivore

Genus and species: Osphranter rufus
Common name: Red Kangaroo
Classification: Suborder: Macropodiformes – Family: Osphranter
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Australia
Diet: Herbivore (grazer)

Common name: Wallabies
Classification: Suborder: Macropodiformes – Family: Macropodidae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Australia
Diet: Herbivore (grazer)

Genus and species: Vombatus ursinus
Common name: Common Wombat
Classification: Superfamily: Vombatoidea – Family: Vombatidae
Time: Early Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Australia and Tasmania
Diet: Herbivore

Genus and species: Phascolarctos cinereus
Common name: Male Koala
Classification: Family: Phascolarctidar
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Eastern Australia
Diet: Herbivore (browser)

Genus and species: Thylacine cynocephalus
Common name: Tazmanian Tiger
Classification: Family: Thylacinidae
Time: Pleistocene to Holocene-1936
Range: Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Sarcophilus harrisii
Common name: Tazmanian Devil
Classification: Family: Dasyuridae
Time: Late Holocene
Range: Australia and Tasmania
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Mymecobius fasciatus
Common name: Numbat
Classification: Family: Myrmecobiidae
Time: Holocene
Range: Australia
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Dasyuridae maculatus
Common name: Tiger quoll
Classification: Family: Dasyuridae
Time: Holocene
Range: Eastern Australia
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Paracanthurus hepatus
Common name: Blue tang, Regal tang, Palette surgeonfish
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Acanthuriformes – Family: Acanthuridae 
Range: Indo Pacific: Great Barrier Reef of Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, East Africa, Samoa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Amphiprion ocellaris
Common name: Ocellaris clownfish
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Perciformes – Family: Pomacentridae
Range: Australia, Japan, and Southeast Asia
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Centropyge loricula
Common name: Flame angelfish
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Perciformes – Family: Pomacanhidae
Range: Pacific Ocean ropical waters
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Pterois volitans
Common name: Lionfish, firefish, turkeyfish, butterfly-cod, or tastyfish
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Scorpaeniformes – Family: Scorpaenidae – Tribe: Pteroini
Range: Indo-Pacific
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Aptendytes forsteri
Common name: Emperor penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: Antarctica
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Aptendytes patagonicus
Common name: King penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: Antarctica and surrounding islands
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Pygoscelis papua
Common name: Gentoo penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: Seas between South America and Antartica
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Pygoscelis adeliae
Common name: Adelie penguin
Classification: Order: Sphenisciformes- Family: Spheniscidae
Range: Seas around Antartica
Time: Holocene
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Eschrichtius robustus
Common name: Gray whale
Classification: Family: Eschrichtiidae
Time: Late Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: North American west coast northwest Asian coast
Diet: Filter Feeders

Genus and species: Megaptera novaeangliae
Common name: Humpback whale
Classification: Family: Balaenopteridae
Time: Miocene to Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Filter Feeder

Genus and species: Balaenoptera borealis
Common name: Sei whale
Classification: Family: Balaenopteridae
Time: Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Filter Feeder

Genus and species: Balaenoptera musculus
Common name: Blue whale
Classification: Family: Balaenopteridae
Time: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Filter Feeder

Genus and species: Physeter macrocephalus
Common name: Sperm whales
Classification: Family: Physeteridae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Orcinus orca
Common name: Killer whale
Classification: Family: Delphinidae
Time: Pliocene to Holocene
Range: Global
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Tursiops truncatus
Common name: Bottlenose Dolphin
Classification: Family: Delphinidae – Subfamily: Delphiniae
Time: Miocene to Holocene
Range: Global, non polar oceans
Diet: Carnivore

Genus and species: Zalophus californianus
Common name: Californian Sea Lion
Classification: Family: Otariidae
Time: Holocene
Range: North American west coast
Diet: Carnivore