FOSSILS SPECIMEN: BIVALVIA
Fossils are defined as any evidence of prehistoric life. There are two types of fossils: Body Fossils include remains of skeletal bones, shell, carapace, test and teeth. Trace Fossils are clues the organism existed such as footprints, tracks, burrows and coprolites (fossil dung).
The class: Bivalvia meaning “two valves or shells” are classified under the Kingdom: Animalia and Phylum: Mollusca. The group includes modern and fossil members of the groups commonly called pectin, lima, oysters, mussels, and clams. The earliest members of this class first appear in the fossil record during the Lower Cambrian and can be found all over the world today in the Holocene.
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autibranchia – Infraclass: Pteriomorphia – Order: Pectinida – Superfamily: Pectinoidea – Family: Pectinidae
(pectin)
Middle Ordovician to Holocene

Bivalve Carolinpectin eboreusÂ
Pectinidae (Scallops)
Tertiary-Pliocene-Piacenzian Tamiami FM-Pinecrest Member Florida

Bivalve Carolinpectin eboreusÂ
Pectinidae (Scallops)
Tertiary-Pliocene-Piacenzian Tamiami FM-Pinecrest Member Florida

Bivalve Pecten
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas

Bivalve Pecten
Cretaceous (100 mya)
Gratson Marl Formation, Rayzor Ranch, Denton, Texas

Bivalve Pecten
Cretaceous (100 mya)
Gratson Marl Formation, Rayzor Ranch, Denton, Texas

Bivalve Pecten
Cretaceous (100 mya)
Gratson Marl Formation, Rayzor Ranch, Denton, Texas

Bivalve Pecten Neithea
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas

Bivalve Pecten Neithea
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobrachia – Infraclass” Pteriomorphia – Order: Limida – Superfamily: Limoidea – Family: Limidae
(lima)
Jurassic to Holocene

Bivalve Lima
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Order: Ostreida – Family: Gryphaeidae
(prehistoric oysters)
Early Triassic to Holocene

Bivalve Exogyra ponderosa
Late Cretaceous
Sulfur River, North Texas

Bivalve Exogyra tigris
Cretaceous
Texas

Bivalve Texigryphaea
Lower Cretaceous
Texas

Bivalve Texigryphaea
Lower Cretaceous
The Waco Pit, Waco, Texas

Bivalve Gryphaea
Jurassic

Bivalve Gryphaea “Devil’s Toenail”
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas

Bivalve Ceratostreon texanum
(formerly Exogyra texana)
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville, Texas

Bivalve Ilymatogyra arietina (Ram’s Horn Oyster)
Cretaceous
Buda, Formation, Comstock, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobrachia – Infraclass: Pteriomorphia – Order: Ostreidae
(true oysters)
Middle Jurassic to Holocene

Bivalve Rastellum (Arcotrea)
Carinatum Lamarck
Cretaceous
Denton Clays McLennon County, Texas, United States

Bivalve Rastellum sp.
(Lateral View)
Cretaceous
Texas, United States

Bivalve Rastellum sp.
(Dorsal View)
Cretaceous
Texas, United States

Bivalve Lopha (Ostreoidea)
Cretaceous
Texas

Bivalve (Oyster)
Ostrea falcataÂ
Cretaceous
United States

Bivalve Fossil Oyster
Cenozoic
North America

Bivalve
Gyrostrea
Cretaceous
Texas, United States

Bivalve
Gyrostrea
Cretaceous
Texas, United States

Bivalve
Gyrostrea
Cretaceous
Texas, United States

Bivalve OystersÂ
Lopha bellaplicata bellaplicata
Post Oak Creek south of Sherman Texas United States

Bivalve Oysters in Matrix
Lopha bellaplicata bellaplicataÂ
Post Oak Creek south of Sherman Texas United States

Bivalve OystersÂ
Lopha bellaplicata bellaplicata
Post Oak Creek south of Sherman Texas United States

Bivalve Peilinia crenulimargo
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Probranchia – Order: Nuculoida
(saltwater clams)
Middle Carboniferous to Holocene

Bivalve Paleyoldia
Pennsylvanian
(Upper Carboniferous)
Finis Shale, Graham Formation, Jacksboro, Jack County, Texas

Bivalve Palaeoneilo oweni
Pennsylvanian
(Upper Carboniferous)
Finis Shale, Graham Formation, Jacksboro, Jack County, Texas

Bivalve Paleyoldia
Pennsylvanian
Jacksboro, Jack County, Texas

Bivalve Nucula (internal cast)
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobranchia – Infraclass: Heteroconchia – Order: Cardiida
(marine bivalve clams)
Middle Carboniferous to Holocene

Bivalve Astartella varica
Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous)
Finis Shale, Graham Formation, Jacksboro, Jack County, Texas

Bivalve Astartella varica
Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous)
west Mineral Wells roadcut Palo Pinto County, Texas

Bivalve Protocardia texana
Cretaceous
Texas

Bivalve Protocardia (internal cast)
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas

Bivalve Protocardia (internal cast)
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville County, Texas

Bivalve Protocardia (internal cast)
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville, Texas

Bivalve Cyprimeria texana internal cast
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas

Bivalve Artica (internal cast)
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville, Texas

Bivalve Pteropsella lapidosa
Eocene
Stone City Formation, Bryan, Texas

Bivalve Venericardia rotunda
Eocene
Stone City Formation, Bryan, Texas

Bivalve Cardium hians
Pliocene
Zanclean, Spain, Bonares (Huelva)
Collected by Andrzej Gorski, 2005

Bivalve Arcinella arcinella
(spiney jewel box)
Calusa Mine Pit, Ruskin, Florida

Bivalve Crassatella bellovacensis
Eocene
Thenetien France, Abbecourt
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobranchia – Infraclass: Pteriomorphia – Order: Myalinida
(mussels)
Middle Carboniferous to Holocene

Bivalve Myalina
Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous)
Finis Shale, Graham Formation, Jacksboro, Jack County, Texas

Bivalve Matrix
Cretaceous
Wyoming, North America

Bivalve
Cretacous
North America

Bivalve Inoceramus Shell Fragment
Cretaceous
West, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobranchia – Infraclass: Heteroconchia – Order: Hippuritida
(rudist clams)
Cretaceous

Bivalve Hippuritida (Rudist Clams)
Core Natural Cast
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobranchia – Infraclass: Heteroconchia – Order: Trigoniida
(ridged clams)
Cretaceous

Bivalve Trigonia
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Superorder: Imparidentia – Order: Adapedonta – Family: Hiatellidae
(wrinkled rock-borer, arctic hiatella, and arctic saxicave)
Cretaceous to Holocene

Bivalve Hiatella artica
Late Pleistocene/Holocene limit
Champlain See sediments Quebec, Canada
Found by Mario Cournoyer and Nathalie Daoust (PaleoVision) 1994
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobranchia – Infraclass: Pteriomorphia – Order: Arcida
(arks)
Cretaceous to Holocene

Bivalve Barbatia uxorispalmeri
Eocene
Stone City Formation, Bryan, Texas

Bivalve Arcalinga pensylvanica
Cenozoic
Florida, United States
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Pterygota – Infraclass: Neoptera – Order: Hemiptera
(jinggle shells)
Cretaceous to Holocene

Bivalve Anomia ephippioides
Eocene
“Whiskey Bridge” Site
Stone City Formation, Bryan, Texas

Bivalve Anomia ephippium
Pliocene
Zanclean, Spainm Bonares (Huelva) Col Andrzej Gorski, 2005 www.amberqabg.com

Bivalve Anomia argentaria (Morton)
Cenozoic
Hollywood Road. Clack County, Arkansas
Found in mud bank in road ditch
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobranchia – Infraclass: Heteroconchia – Order: Solenida
(saltwater clams)
Lower Cretaceous to Holocene

Bivalve Leptosolen (internal cast)
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Mollusca – Class: Bivalvia “two valves or shells” – Subclass: Autobrachia – Infraclass: Heteroconchia – Order: Pholadida
(smooth clams)
Cretaceous

Bivalve Caryocorbula deusseni
Eocene
Stone City Formation, Bryan, Texas

Bivalve Notocorbula texana
Eocene
Stone City Formation, Bryan, Texas