FOSSILS SPECIMEN: SEA URCHINS, SAND DOLLARS, AND SEA CUCUMBERS

Fossils are defined as any evidence of prehistoric life. There are two types of fossils: Body Fossils include remains of skeletal bones, shell, carapace, test and teeth. Trace Fossils are clues the organism existed such as foot prints, tracks, burrows and coprolites (fossil dung).

Domain: Eukaria – Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Echinodermata “spiny skin” – Subphylum: Echinozoa – Class: Echinoidea – Superorder: Echinacea – Order: Echinoida

(sea urchins)

Late Cretaceous to Holocene

Sea Urchin Spines

Pennsylvanian

(upper Carboniferous)

west Mineral Wells roadcut Palo Pinto County, Texas

Phynosoma texana

Lower Cretaceous

Kerrville, Texas

Polished Fossil Echinoid (Sand Dollar)

Mepygurus marmonti

Middle Jurassic

Tulear Province, Madagascar

Fossil Echinoid (Unprepped)

Macraster Obesus

Cretaceous Fort Worth Formation, Washita Group Greyson County Texas 1

Fossil Echinoid

Cenozoic

Domain: Eukaria – Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Echinodermata “spiny skin” – Subphylum: Echinozoa – Class: Echinoidea – Superorder: Gnathostomata – Order: Clypeasteroida

(sand dollars)

Late Paleocene to Holocene

Fossil Echinoid 

(Ventral View)

Morroco

Fossil Sand Dollar
(Dorsal View)

Cenozoic

Domain: Eukaria – Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Echinodermata “spiny skin” – Subphylum: Echinozoa – Class: Holothuroidea

(sea cucumbers)

Middle Ordovician to Holocene