FOSSILS SPECIMEN: SEA URCHINS, SAND DOLLARS, AND SEA CUCUMBERS
Fossils are defined as any evidence of prehistoric life. There are two types of fossils: Body Fossils include remains of skeletal bones, shell, carapace, test and teeth. Trace Fossils are clues the organism existed such as foot prints, tracks, burrows and coprolites (fossil dung).
Domain: Eukaria – Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Echinodermata “spiny skin” – Subphylum: Echinozoa – Class: Echinoidea – Superorder: Echinacea – Order: Echinoida
(sea urchins)
Late Cretaceous to Holocene

Sea Urchin Plate Archaeocidaris
Pennsylvanian
(upper Carboniferous)
west Mineral Wells roadcut Palo Pinto County, Texas

Sea Urchin Spine Base
Pennsylvanian
(upper Carboniferous)
west Mineral Wells roadcut Palo Pinto County, Texas

Sea Urchin Spines
Pennsylvanian
(upper Carboniferous)
west Mineral Wells roadcut Palo Pinto County, Texas

Heteraster texanus
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth Tarrant County Texas

Heteraster texanus
Lower Cretaceous
Fort Worth Tarrant County Texas

Phynosoma texana
Lower Cretaceous
Kerrville, Texas

Coenholectypus (Raw)
Lower Cretaceous
Tarrant County Texas

Coenholectypus (Polished)
Lower Cretaceous
Tarrant County Texas

Polished Fossil Echinoid (Sand Dollar)
Mepygurus marmonti
Middle Jurassic
Tulear Province, Madagascar

Fossil Echinoid (Unprepped)
Macraster Obesus
Cretaceous Fort Worth Formation, Washita Group Greyson County Texas 1

Fossil Echinoid (Unprepped)
Macraster Obesus
Cretaceous Fort Worth Formation, Washita Group Greyson County Texas 1

Fossil Echinoid (Unprepped)
Macraster Obesus
Cretaceous Fort Worth Formation, Washita Group Greyson County Texas 1

Fossil Echinoid
Cretaceous

Fossil Echinoid
Cenozoic
Domain: Eukaria – Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Echinodermata “spiny skin” – Subphylum: Echinozoa – Class: Echinoidea – Superorder: Gnathostomata – Order: Clypeasteroida
(sand dollars)
Late Paleocene to Holocene

Fossil Sand Dollar
(Dorsal View)

Fossil Echinoid with Barnicles
(Dorsal View)
Morroco

Fossil Echinoid
(Ventral View)
Morroco

Echinoid Encope grandis
Pleistocene
Sonora, Mexico

Fossil Sand Dollar
(Dorsal View)
Cenozoic
Domain: Eukaria – Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Echinodermata “spiny skin” – Subphylum: Echinozoa – Class: Holothuroidea
(sea cucumbers)
Middle Ordovician to Holocene

Fossil Sea Cucumber in Shale Matrix