Geologic Time Scale: Cretaceous Maastrichtian Stage
(72.1 to 66.0 million years ago)
The Cretaceous Period is the third and final period of the Mesozoic and the longest period of the Phanerozoic Eon. The period as first defined by Belgian geologist Jean d’Omalius d’Halloy in 1822 as the Terrain Cretace, using starta (layers) in the Paris Basin and names for the extensive beds of chalk(calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates, principally coccoliths), found in the upper Cretaceous of Western Europe. The name is derived from the Latin creta meaning “chalk”, which is abundant in the later half of the period.
During the Cretaceous, the late-Paleozoic-to-early-Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its tectonic breakup into the present-day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. The Earth’s Climate was warmer than today, and sea level was much higher. The end of the Cretaceous period (along with the Mesozoic) ended with the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (formerly known as the KT boundary).
Maastrichtian Age/Stage
Late Cretaceous: 72.1 to 66.0 million years ago
The Maastrichtian was the last stage, age, or epoch of the late or upper Cretaceous period. The Maastrichtian was first identified in 1849 by Belgian geologist Andre Hubert Dumont. The name derived from studying rock strata (layers) from the Chalk Group near the Dutch town of Maastricht. was formally named the Maastricht Formation by Dumont. The Masstrichtian ends with the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.
North American Maastrichtian Stage Late Cretaceous: 72.1 to 66.0 million years ago
Hell Creek Formation: Wyoming 69 to 66 MYA
Genus: Tyrannosaurus “Tyrant lizard”
Classification: Family: Tyrannosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Western North America
Size: 12.3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Triceratops “three horned face” Species: horridus
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming. Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan
Size: 8 to 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Triceratops “three horned face” Species: prorsus
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming. Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan
Size: 8 to 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Torosaurus “perforated lizard“
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Scollard Formation, Saskatchewan - Frenchman Formation. USA: Colorado - Laramie Formation, North Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, Texas - Javelina Formation, Utah - North Horn Formation, Wyoming - Lance Formation.
Size: 7.5 to 7.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Leptoceratops “small horned face“
Classification: Suborder: Ceratopsia – Family: Leptoceratopsidae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta, USA: Wyoming
Size: 2 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Dracorex “dragon king”
Classification: Family: Pachycephalosauridae – Subfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae – Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: South Dakota – Hell Creek Formation
Size: 3 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Stygimoloch “Styx demon”
Classification: Family: Pachycephalosauridae – Subfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae – Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA – Ferris Formation, Hell Creek Formation
Size: 3 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Pachycephalosaurus “thick headed lizard”
Classification: Family: Pachycephalosauridae – Subfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae – Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA
Size: 4.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Edmontosaurus “Edmonton lizard”
Classification: Tribe: Edmontosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta and Saskatchewan. USA: Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming.
Size: 9 to as much as 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Ankylosaurus (fused lizard)
Classification: Family: Ankylosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta – Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Scollard Formation. USA, Montana – Hell Creek Formation, New Mexico – Kirtland Formation, Wyoming – Ferris Formation, Lance Formation
Size: 6.25 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Anzu “named after mythical creature that appears in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology“
Classiification: Family: Caenagnathidae
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA, Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota (all Hell Creek Formation)
Size: 1.5 meters long
Diet: Omnivore?
Name: Quetzalcoatlus “from Quetzalcoatl”
Classification: Suborder: Pterodactyloidea – Family Azhdarchidae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: United States, Texas, Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park
Size: Males: 11 m wingspan
Diet: Carnivore
Name: Quetzalcoatlus “from Quetzalcoatl”
Classification: Suborder: Pterodactyloidea – Family Azhdarchidae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: United States, Texas, Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park
Size: Males: 11 m wingspan
Diet: Carnivore
Lance Formation: Wyoming 69 to 66 MYA
Genus: Tyrannosaurus “Tyrant lizard”
Classification: Family: Tyrannosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Western North America
Size: 12.3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Anzu “named after mythical creature that appears in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology“
Classiification: Family: Caenagnathidae – Subfamily: Caenagnathinae
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA, Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota (all Hell Creek Formation)
Size: 1.5 meters long
Diet: Omnivore?
Genus: Ankylosaurus (fused lizard)
Classification: Family: Ankylosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta – Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Scollard Formation. USA, Montana – Hell Creek Formation, New Mexico – Kirtland Formation, Wyoming – Ferris Formation, Lance Formation
Size: 6.25 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Edmontonia (From Edomonton - After the Edmonton Formation)
Classification: Family: Nodosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada and USA
Size: 6.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Quetzalcoatlus “from Quetzalcoatl”
Classification: Suborder: Pterodactyloidea – Family Azhdarchidae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: United States, Texas, Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park
Size: Males: 11 m wingspan
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Triceratops “three horned face” Species: prorsus
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming. Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan
Size: 8 to 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Triceratops “three horned face” Species: horridus
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming. Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan
Size: 8 to 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Torosaurus “perforated lizard“
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Scollard Formation, Saskatchewan - Frenchman Formation. USA: Colorado - Laramie Formation, North Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, Texas - Javelina Formation, Utah - North Horn Formation, Wyoming - Lance Formation.
Size: 7.5 to 7.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Pachycephalosaurus “thick headed lizard”
Classification: Family: Pachycephalosauridae – Subfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae – Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA
Size: 4.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Quetzalcoatlus “from Quetzalcoatl”
Classification: Suborder: Pterodactyloidea – Family Azhdarchidae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: United States, Texas, Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park
Size: Males: 11 m wingspan
Diet: Carnivore
Ojo Alamo Formation: New Mexico 69 to 64 MYA
Genus: Tyrannosaurus “Tyrant lizard”
Classification: Family: Tyrannosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Western North America
Size: 12.3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Alamosaurus “Alamo lizard”
Classification: Family: Saltasauridea – Clade: Opisthocoelicaudiinae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA, New Mexico - Ojo Alamo Formation (possibly part of the Kirtland Formation, Utah - North Horn Formation and Texas - Black Peaks Formation, El Picacho Formation and Javelina Formation
Size: 20 to 24 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Torosaurus “perforated lizard“
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Scollard Formation, Saskatchewan - Frenchman Formation. USA: Colorado - Laramie Formation, North Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, Texas - Javelina Formation, Utah - North Horn Formation, Wyoming - Lance Formation.
Size: 7.5 to 7.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Edmontosaurus “Edmonton lizard”
Classification: Tribe: Edmontosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta and Saskatchewan. USA: Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming.
Size: 9 to as much as 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
New Egypt Formation: New Jersey 70 to 66 MYA
Genus: Baculites
Name meaning: “walking stick rock”
Classification: Order: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ancyloceratina
Locality: North America , Europe (Turonian to Campanian)
Time: Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian)
Genus: Mosasaurus (”Meuse lizard - after the Meuse River”)
Classification: Tribe: Mosasaurini.
Known locations: Western Europe and North America
Time period: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Size: 15 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Dryptosaurus “Tearing lizard“
Classification: Superfamily: Tyrannosauroidea – Family:Dryptosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Eastern USA
Size: 7.5 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Prince Creek Formation: Northern Alaska 70.6 to 69.1 MYA
Genus: Saurornitholestes “lizard bird thief”
Classification: Family: Dromaeosauridae – Clade: Eudromaeosauria
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation, Oldman Formation. USA, Montana - Two Medicine Formation, New Mexico - Kirtland Formation
Size: 1.8 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Troodon “wounding tooth”
Classification: Tribe: Troodontinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA, Montana – Judith Formation
Size: 1.8 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Pachyrhinosaurus “thick nosed lizard“
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae – Tribe: Pachyrhinoaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Bearpaw Formation, Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA, Alaska - Prince Creek Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Edmontosaurus “Edmonton lizard”
Classification: Tribe: Edmontosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta and Saskatchewan. USA: Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming.
Size: 9 to as much as 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
St. Mary River Formation: Alberta, Canada and Montana, U.S. 71.9 to 67 MYA
Genus: Saurornitholestes “lizard bird thief”
Classification: Family: Dromaeosauridae – Clade: Eudromaeosauria
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation, Oldman Formation. USA, Montana - Two Medicine Formation, New Mexico - Kirtland Formation
Size: 1.8 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Troodon “wounding tooth”
Classification: Tribe: Troodontinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA, Montana – Judith Formation
Size: 1.8 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Albertosaurus “Alberta lizard”
Classification: Family: Tyrannosauridae – Subfamily: Albertosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA and Canada
Size: 10 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Regaliceratops “royal horned face“
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tibe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Middle Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - St Mary River Formation
Size: 5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Pachyrhinosaurus “thick nosed lizard“
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae – Tribe: Pachyrhinoaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Bearpaw Formation, Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA, Alaska - Prince Creek Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Edmontonia (From Edomonton - After the Edmonton Formation)
Classification: Family: Nodosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada and USA
Size: 6.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Champsosaurus “crocodile lizard“
Classification: Order: Choristodera, Family: Champsosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Turonian) to Paleocene (Thanetian)
Locality: Canada and USA
Size: 1.5 to 3.5 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Horseshoe Canyon Formation: Alberta, Western Canada 74 to 67 MYA
Genus: Albertosaurus “Alberta lizard”
Classification: Family: Tyrannosauridae – Subfamily: Albertosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA and Canada
Size: 10 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Atrociraptor “Cruel thief”
Classification: Family: Dromaeosauridae – Clade: Eudromaeosauria – Subfamily: Saurornitholestinae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian )
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Horseshoe Canyon Formation
Size:Uncertain due to low amount of fossil remains
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Struthiomimus “Ostrich mimic”
Classification: Family: Ornithomimidae
Time: Cretaceous (Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation and Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA - Hell Creek Formation.
Size: 4.3 meters long
Diet: Omnivore?
Genus: Ornithomimus “Bird mimic”
Classification: Family: Ornithomimidae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA and Canada
Size: 3.8 meters long
Diet: Omnivore?
Genus: Pachyrhinosaurus “thick nosed lizard“
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae – Tribe: Pachyrhinoaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Bearpaw Formation, Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA, Alaska - Prince Creek Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Saurolophus “lizard crest“
Classification: Tribe: Saurolophini
Time: Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Mongolia - Nemegt Formation. Possibly also USA: California - Moreno Formation and China - Heilongjiang Province
Size: 10 to 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Hypacrosaurus “near the high lizard”
Classification: Tribe: Lambeosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian to early Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA: Montana - Two Medicine Formation
Size: 9.1 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Edmontosaurus “Edmonton lizard”
Classification: Tribe: Edmontosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta and Saskatchewan. USA: Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming.
Size: 9 to as much as 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Euoplocephalus (well armoured head)
Classification: Family: Ankylosauridae – Subfamily: Ankylosarinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Dinosaur Park & Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA, Montana - Judith River Formation
Size: 6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Edmontonia (From Edomonton - After the Edmonton Formation)
Classification: Family: Nodosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada and USA
Size: 6.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Champsosaurus “crocodile lizard“
Classification: Order: Choristodera, Family: Champsosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Turonian) to Paleocene (Thanetian)
Locality: Canada and USA
Size: 1.5 to 3.5 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
North American Great Western Interior Seaway
Genus: Baculites
Name meaning: “walking stick rock”
Classification: Order: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ancyloceratina
Locality: North America , Europe (Turonian to Campanian)
Time: Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian)
Genus: Diplomoceras
Name meaning: “Double horn”
Classification: Order: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ancyloceratina
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Lower Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian)
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Belemnitina
Common name:“Belemnites”
Classification: Superoder: Belemnoidea – Order: Belemnitida
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Late Triassic to End Cretaceous
Genus: Scapanorhynchus “Spade snout“.
Classification: Order: Lamniformes - Family: Mitsukurinidae.
Locations: Worldwide.
Time period: Cretaceous (Aptian to Maastrichtian ) to Paleogene.
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Name: Xiphactinus “Sword Ray”
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Ichthyodectiformes – Family: Ichthyodectidae
Type: Carnivore/Piscivore
Size: 4 to 6 meters long
Known locations: USA; Alabama, Georgia, Kansas. Europe; Australia. Canada
Time period: Cretaceous (Coniacian to Maastrichtian)
Genus: Mosasaurus (”Meuse lizard - after the Meuse River”)
Classification: Tribe: Mosasaurini.
Known locations: Western Europe and North America
Time period: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Size: 15 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Tylosaurus (Knob lizard)
Classification: Subfamily: Tylosaurinae
Known locations: Canada. Central states of USA
Time period: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Size: 15 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Name: Hydrotherosaurus ”Water beast lizard”
Classification: Superorder: Sauropterygia – Order: Plesiosauria – Family: Elasmosauridae
Size: 8 meters long
Known locations: USA - California - Moreno Formation
Time period: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Diet: Piscivore
Asia Maastrichtian Stage Late Cretaceous: 72.1 to 66.0 million years ago
Genus: Qianzhousaurus “Ganzhou lizard”
Classification: Subfamily: Tyrannosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: China – Nanxiong Formation
Size: 6.3 – 7 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Olorotitan “giant swan”
Classification: Tribe: Lambeosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Russia, Amur Region – Tsagayan Formation
Size: 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Kamuysaurus “deity lizard“
Classification: Tribe: Saurolophini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Japan - Hakobuchi Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Rajasaurus”Princely lizard”
Classification: Subfamily: Carnotaurinae
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: India – Lameta Formation
Size: 6 to 9 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Nemegt Formation: Mongolia 70 Mya
Genus: Tarbosaurus “Terrifying lizard”
Classification: Subfamily: Tyrannosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Mongolia
Size: 10 to 12 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Alioramus “Different branch”
Classification: Family: Tyrannosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Mongolia
Size: 6 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Mononykus “one claw”
Classification: Tribe: Mononykini
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Mongolia – Nemegt Formation
Size: 1 meter long
Diet: Insectivore?
Genus: Gallimimus “Chicken mimic”
Classification: Family: Ornithomimidae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Mongolia – Nemegt Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Omnivore?
Genus: Deinocheirus “Terrible hand”
Classification: Family: Deinocheiridae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Mongolia, Nemegt Formation
Size: 10 to 11 meters long
Diet: Omnivore?
Genus: Therizinosaurus “Scythe lizard”
Classification: Superfamily: Therizinosauroidea
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Mongolia
Size: 10 meters long
Diet: Herbivore?
Genus: Saurolophus “lizard crest“
Classification: Tribe: Saurolophini
Time: Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Mongolia - Nemegt Formation. Possibly also USA: California - Moreno Formation and China - Heilongjiang Province
Size: 10 to 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Saichania ”beautiful one”
Classification: Family: Ankylosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Mongolia, Nemegt Basin - Barun Goyot Formation
Size: 6.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
South American Maastrichtian Stage Late Cretaceous: 72.1 to 66.0 million years ago
Genus: Belemnitina
Common name: “Belemnites”
Classification: Superoder: Belemnoidea – Order: Belemnitida
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Late Triassic to End Cretaceous
Genus: Diplomoceras
Name meaning: “Double horn”
Classification: Order: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ancyloceratina
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Lower Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian)
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Scapanorhynchus “Spade snout“.
Classification: Order: Lamniformes - Family: Mitsukurinidae.
Locations: Worldwide.
Time period: Cretaceous (Aptian to Maastrichtian ) to Paleogene.
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Montealtosuchus “crocodile from Monte Alto municipality“
Classification: Suborder: Notosuchia, Family: Peirosauridae
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Brazil – Adamantina Formartion
Size: 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Carnotaurus “Meat eating bull”
Classification: Subfamily: Carnotaurinae
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian)
Locality: Argentina, Chubut Province – La Colonia Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orkoraptor “Toothed river thief“
Classification: Family: Neovenatoridae – Clade: Megaraptora
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Argentina
Size: 6 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Austroraptor “Southern thief”
Classification: Family: Dromaeosauridae – Subfamily: Unenlagiinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian/Maastrichtian )
Locality: Argentina, Río Negro Province - Allen Formation
Size: 5 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Saltasaurus “Salta lizard”
Classification: Family: Saltasauridea
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian/Maastrichtian)
Locality: Argentina, Salta Province – Lecho Formation
Size: 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Dreadnoughtus “Fearing nothing”
Classification: Clade: Titanosauria
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian/Maastrichtian)
Locality: Argentina, Santa Cruz Province
Size: 26 meters long, possibly larger.
Diet: Herbivore
Madagascar Maastrichtian Stage Late Cretaceous: 72.1 to 66.0 million years ago
Genus: Majungasaurus “Majunga dome lizard“
Classification: Subfamily: Carnotaurinae
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Madagascar – Maevarano Formation
Size: 7 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Masiakasaurus“Vicious lizard”
Classification: Family: Noasauridae
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Madagascar, Maevarano Formation
Size: 1.8 to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Europe Maastrichtian Stage Late Cretaceous: 72.1 to 66.0 million years ago
Genus: Baculites
Name meaning: “walking stick rock”
Classification: Order: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ancyloceratina
Locality: North America , Europe (Turonian to Campanian)
Time: Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian)
Genus: Diplomoceras
Name meaning: “Double horn”
Classification: Order: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ancyloceratina
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Lower Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian)
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Belemnitina
Common name:“Belemnites”
Classification: Superoder: Belemnoidea – Order: Belemnitida
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Late Triassic to End Cretaceous
Genus: Scapanorhynchus “Spade snout“.
Classification: Order: Lamniformes - Family: Mitsukurinidae.
Locations: Worldwide.
Time period: Cretaceous (Aptian to Maastrichtian ) to Paleogene.
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Name: Xiphactinus “Sword Ray”
Classification: Class: Actinopterygii – Order: Ichthyodectiformes – Family: Ichthyodectidae
Type: Carnivore/Piscivore
Size: 4 to 6 meters long
Known locations: USA; Alabama, Georgia, Kansas. Europe; Australia. Canada
Time period: Cretaceous (Coniacian to Maastrichtian)
Genus: Mosasaurus (”Meuse lizard - after the Meuse River”)
Classification: Tribe: Mosasaurini.
Known locations: Western Europe and North America
Time period: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Size: 15 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Axelrodichthys
Classification: Clade: Sarcopterygii – Order: Coelacanthiformes
Known locations: Brazil, North Africa, and Mexico (Aptian to Albian) – Morrocco (Cenomanian) – Madagascar (Coniacian to Santonian) – France (Lower Campanian to lower Maastrichtian),
Time period: Cretaceous (Albian to Santonian)
Size: 1 to 2 meters long (depending on species)
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Pyroraptor “fire thief”
Classification: Family: Dromaeosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Late Campanian/Early Maastrichtian)
Locality: France, Provence
Size:Uncertain due to incomplete remains
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Ampelosaurus “Vine lizard”
Classification: Clade: Titanosauria
Time: Cretaceous (Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian)
Locality: France - Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation.
Size: 16 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Australian Maastrichtian Stage Late Cretaceous: 72.1 to 66.0 million years ago
Genus: Belemnitina
Common name: “Belemnites”
Classification: Superoder: Belemnoidea – Order: Belemnitida
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Late Triassic to End Cretaceous
Genus: Diplomoceras
Name meaning: “Double horn”
Classification: Order: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ancyloceratina
Locality: Worldwide
Time: Lower Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian)
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Scapanorhynchus “Spade snout“.
Classification: Order: Lamniformes - Family: Mitsukurinidae.
Locations: Worldwide.
Time period: Cretaceous (Aptian to Maastrichtian ) to Paleogene.
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
