Geologic Time Scale: Permian Period
(298.9 to 251.9 million years ago)
The concept of the Permian Period was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison (Scottish geologist who served as director-general of the British Geological Survey from 1855 until his death in 1871), who named it after the region of Perm in Russia.
The Permian Period ended with the Permian-Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in Earth’s history (which is the last of the three or four crises that occurred in the Permian), in which 81% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial species died out, associated with the eruption of the Siberian Traps (Massive eruptive event in Russia that formed the traps is one of the largest known volcanic events in the last 500 million years).
Changhsingian Age/Stage
Lopingian (Late Permian): 254.14 to 252.902 million years ago
The Changhsingian Stage was named in 1970 after Changsing Limestone of Changxing in northern Zhejiang, China. It represents the final stage of the Permian Period as well as the end of the Paleozoic Era. The Changhsingian witnessed the greatest extinction event of the in the fossil record. After this, life had a “restart” in the following Mesazoic Era.
African Changhsingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 254.14 to 252.902 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Hybodus “Humped tooth“
Classification: Order: Hybodontiformes - Family: Hybodontidae
Locations: Worldwide
Time period: Permian (Changhsingian) to Cretaceous (Berriasian)
Size: Up to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Peltobatrachus ”Shield frog”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Order: Temnospondyli – Family: Peltobatrachidae
Time period: Late Permian (Capitanian to Changhsingian)
Known locations: Tanzania
Size: 70 centimeters long
Diet: Carnivore/Insectivore
Genus: Dicynodon ”Two dog teeth”
Classification: Family: Dicynodontidae
Known locations: China, Russia, South Africa, Tanzania
Time period: Late Permian (Changhsingian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: Average 1.2 meters long, but some variation between species
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters long, average about 0.9 meters long
Genus: Trochosaurus
Classification: Clade: Synapsida – Clade: Therapsida – Family: Trochosuchidae
Known locations: South Africa
Time period: Late Permian
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Unavailable
Asian Changhsingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 254.14 to 252.902 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Hybodus “Humped tooth“
Classification: Order: Hybodontiformes - Family: Hybodontidae
Locations: Worldwide
Time period: Permian (Changhsingian) to Cretaceous (Berriasian)
Size: Up to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivor
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Scutosaurus “Shield lizard“
Classification: Family: Pareiasauridae
Time: Late Permian (Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian)
Locality: Russia
Size: 2.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Dicynodon ”Two dog teeth”
Classification: Family: Dicynodontidae
Known locations: China, Russia, South Africa, Tanzania
Time period: Late Permian (Changhsingian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: Average 1.2 meters long, but some variation between species
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters long. Average about 0.9 meters long
South American Changhsingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 254.14 to 252.902 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Hybodus “Humped tooth“
Classification: Order: Hybodontiformes - Family: Hybodontidae
Locations: Worldwide
Time period: Permian (Changhsingian) to Cretaceous (Berriasian)
Size: Up to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Dicynodon ”Two dog teeth”
Classification: Family: Dicynodontidae
Known locations: China, Russia, South Africa, Tanzania
Time period: Late Permian (Changhsingian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: Average 1.2 meters long, but some variation between species
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters lon, average about 0.9 meters long
European Changhsingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 254.14 to 252.902 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Hybodus “Humped tooth“
Classification: Order: Hybodontiformes - Family: Hybodontidae
Locations: Worldwide
Time period: Permian (Changhsingian) to Cretaceous (Berriasian)
Size: Up to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus“Vertical spike“.
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae.
Locations: Europe and North America.
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian).
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
North American Changhsingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 254.14 to 252.902 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Hybodus “Humped tooth“
Classification: Order: Hybodontiformes - Family: Hybodontidae
Locations: Worldwide
Time period: Permian (Changhsingian) to Cretaceous (Berriasian)
Size: Up to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Antartica and Australian Changhsingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 254.14 to 252.902 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Hybodus “Humped tooth“
Classification: Order: Hybodontiformes - Family: Hybodontidae
Locations: Worldwide
Time period: Permian (Changhsingian) to Cretaceous (Berriasian)
Size: Up to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters long, average about 0.9 meters long
Wuchiapingian Age/Stage
Lopingian (Late Permian): 259.51 to 254.14 million years ago
The Wuchiapingian Stage was named in 1962 after the Lopingian Series of southwestern China was divided in the Changhsingian and Wuchiapingian Formations.
North American Wuchiapingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 259.51 to 254.14 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Sarcoprion “Flesh saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Greenland
Time period: Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Size: Uncertain
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
African Wuchiapingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 259.51 to 254.14 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Peltobatrachus ”Shield frog”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Order: Temnospondyli – Family: Peltobatrachidae
Time period: Late Permian (Capitanian to Changhsingian)
Known locations: Tanzania
Size: 70 centimeters long
Diet: Carnivore/Insectivore
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters long, average about 0.9 meters long
Genus: Trochosaurus
Classification: Clade: Synapsida – Clade: Therapsida – Family: Trochosuchidae
Known locations: South Africa
Time period: Late Permian
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Unavailable
Genus: Dinogorgon ”Terrible Gorgon”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida – Clade: Therapsida – Clade: Gorgonopsia
Known locations: Tanzania and South Africa
Time period: Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: 2 meters long
Genus: Lycaenops ”Wolf face”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida – Clade: Therapsida – Clade: Gorgonopsia
Known locations: South Africa
Time period: Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: 1 meter long
Asian Wuchiapingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 259.51 to 254.14 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Scutosaurus “Shield lizard“
Classification: Family: Pareiasauridae
Time: Late Permian (Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian)
Locality: Russia
Size: 2.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters long, average about 0.9 meters long
Genus: Inostrancevia ”After Aleksandr Inostrantsev”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida – Clade: Therapsida – Clade: Gorgonopsia
Known locations: Russia
Time period: Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: 3.5 meters long
European Wuchiapingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 259.51 to 254.14 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
South American Wuchiapingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 259.51 to 254.14 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters long, average about 0.9 meters long
Antartica and Australian Wuchiapingian Stage Lopingian (Late Permian): 259.51 to 254.14 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Lystrosaurus “Shovel lizard”
Classification: Family: Lystrosauridae
Known locations: South Africa, Antarctica, China, India, Mongolia and Russia
Time period: Late Permian to the Early Triassic
Type: Herbivore
Size: Between 0.6 and 2.5 meters long, average about 0.9 meters long
Capitanian Age/Stage
Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 264.28 to 259.51 million years ago
The Capitanian Stage was named in 1904 by George Burr Richardson after the Capitan Reef in the Guadalupe Mountains of west Texas, United States.
North American Capitanian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 264.28 to 259.51 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
European Capitanian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 264.28 to 259.51 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
African Capitanian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 264.28 to 259.51 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Peltobatrachus ”Shield frog”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Order: Temnospondyli – Family: Peltobatrachidae
Time period: Late Permian (Capitanian to Changhsingian)
Known locations: Tanzania
Size: 70 centimeters long
Diet: Carnivore/Insectivore
Genus: Moschops “Calf face”
Classification: Clade: Therapsida – Suborder: Dinocephalia – Infraorder: Tapinocephalia – Family: Tapinocephalidae
Species: M. capensisu, (type)
Known locations: South Africa – Karoo
Time period: Permian (Wordian to Capitanisan)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 2.7 meters long
Asian Capitanian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 264.28 to 259.51 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Australian Capitanian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 264.28 to 259.51 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Wordian Age/Stage
Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 266.90 to 264.28 million years ago
The Wordian Stage was named in 1916 by Johan August Udden after the Word Formation of the North American Permian Basin.
North American Wordian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 266.90 to 264.28 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
European Wordian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 266.90 to 264.28 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Orthacanthus“Vertical spike“.
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae.
Locations: Europe and North America.
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian).
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Asian Wordian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 266.90 to 264.28 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Estemmenosuchus ”Crowned crocodile”
Classification: Chordata, Synapsida, Therapsida, Dinocephalia, Estemmenosuchidae
Known locations: Russia, Perm region
Time period: Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: E. uralensis about 4.5 meters long, E. mirabilis about 3 meters long
Australian Wordian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 266.90 to 264.28 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Roadian Age/Stage
Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 273.01 to 266.90 million years ago
The Roadian Stage was named in 1968 after Road Canyon Formation in Brewster County, Texas.
North American Roadian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 273.01 to 266.90 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus“Vertical spike“.
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae.
Locations: Europe and North America.
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian).
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Dimetrodon “Two measures of teeth”
Known locations: Germany – USA, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae, Subfamily: Sphenacodontinae
Time period: Permian (Asselian to Roadian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Depending upon the species, between 1.7 and 4.6 meters long
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
European Roadian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 273.01 to 266.90 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Dimetrodon “Two measures of teeth”
Known locations: Germany – USA, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae, Subfamily: Sphenacodontinae
Time period: Permian (Asselian to Roadian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Depending upon the species, between 1.7 and 4.6 meters long
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Asian Roadian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 273.01 to 266.90 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Australian Roadian Stage Guadalupian (Middle Permian): 273.01 to 266.90 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Kungurian Age/Stage
Cisuralian (Early Permian): 283.50 to 273.01 million years ago
The Kungurian Stage was named in 1890 by Russian geologist Alexandr Antonovich Stukenberg after the Russian city of Kungur in Perm Krai.
North American Kungurian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 283.50 to 273.01 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus“Vertical spike“.
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae.
Locations: Europe and North America.
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian).
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Eryops ”Drawn out face”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Order: Temnospondyli – Family: Eryopidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Lower Permian (Kungurian)
Known locations: USA
Size: 1.5 to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”.
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia – USA, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Genus: Sphenacodon “Wedge tooth”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae
Known locations: USA, Texas and New Mexico
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Permian (Kungurian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: About 2.5 meters long
Genus: Dimetrodon “Two measures of teeth”
Known locations: Germany – USA, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae, Subfamily: Sphenacodontinae
Time period: Permian (Asselian to Roadian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Depending upon the species, between 1.7 and 4.6 meters long
European Kungurian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 283.50 to 273.01 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“.
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae.
Locations: Europe and North America.
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian).
Size: Up to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Dimetrodon “Two measures of teeth”
Known locations: Germany – USA, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae, Subfamily: Sphenacodontinae
Time period: Permian (Asselian to Roadian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Depending upon the species, between 1.7 and 4.6 meters long
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Asian Kungurian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 283.50 to 273.01 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Australian Kungurian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 283.50 to 273.01 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion“Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae.
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA.
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic.
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long.
Diet: Carnivore
Artinskian Age/Stage
Cisuralian (Early Permian): 290.10 to 283.50 million years ago
The Artinskian Stage was named in 1874 by Alexander Karpinsky after the Russian city of Arti (formerly Artinsk) in the southern Ural Mountains.
North American Artinskian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 290.10 to 283.50 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Eryops ”Drawn out face”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Order: Temnospondyli – Family: Eryopidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Lower Permian (Kungurian)
Known locations: USA
Size: 1.5 to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Genus: Sphenacodon “Wedge tooth”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae
Known locations: USA, Texas and New Mexico
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Permian (Kungurian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: About 2.5 meters long
Genus: Dimetrodon “Two measures of teeth”
Known locations: Germany – USA, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae, Subfamily: Sphenacodontinae
Time period: Permian (Asselian to Roadian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Depending upon the species, between 1.7 and 4.6 meters long
European Artinskian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 290.10 to 283.50 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Genus: Dimetrodon “Two measures of teeth”
Known locations: Germany – USA, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae, Subfamily: Sphenacodontinae
Time period: Permian (Asselian to Roadian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Depending upon the species, between 1.7 and 4.6 meters long
Asian Artinskian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 290.10 to 283.50 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Australian Artinskian Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 290.10 to 283.50 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Sakmarian Age/Stage
Cisuralian (Early Permian): 293.52 to 290.10 million years ago
The Sakmarian Stage was named in 1874 by Alexander Karpinsky after a tributary to the Ural River, the Sakmarian River in the Ural Mountains.
North American Sakmarian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 293.52 to 290.10 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Eryops ”Drawn out face”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Order: Temnospondyli – Family: Eryopidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Lower Permian (Kungurian)
Known locations: USA
Size: 1.5 to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Genus: Sphenacodon “Wedge tooth”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae
Known locations: USA, Texas and New Mexico
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Permian (Kungurian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: About 2.5 meters long
European Sakmarian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 293.52 to 290.10 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Asian Sakmarian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 293.52 to 290.10 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Austarlian Sakmarian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 293.52 to 290.10 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Asselian Age/Stage
Cisuralian (Early Permian): 298.9 to 293.52 million years ago
The Asselian Stage was named in 1954 by Russian stratigrapher V.E. Ruzhenchev after the Assel River in the southern Ural Mountains of Kazakhstan and Bashkortostan.
North American Asselian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 298.9 to 293.52 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Diplocaulus ”Double stalk”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Subclass: Lepospondyli – Order: Nectridea – Family: Diplocaulidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) to Permian (Wuchiapingian)
Known locations: USA, Texas
Size: 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Eryops ”Drawn out face”
Classification: Class: Amphibia – Order: Temnospondyli – Family: Eryopidae
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Lower Permian (Kungurian)
Known locations: USA
Size: 1.5 to 2 meters long
Diet: Carnivore/Piscivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Genus: Sphenacodon “Wedge tooth”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Family: Sphenacodontidae
Known locations: USA, Texas and New Mexico
Time period: Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) to Permian (Kungurian)
Diet: Carnivore
Size: About 2.5 meters long
European Asselian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 298.9 to 293.52 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Orthacanthus “Vertical spike“
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida - Family: Orthacanthidae
Locations: Europe and North America
Time period: Devonian (Emsian) to Triassic (Carnian)
Size: Up to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Edaphosaurus “Ground lizard”
Classification: Clade: Synapsida, Clade: Sphenacomorpha, Family: Edaphosauridae
Known locations: Germany - Czech Republic – Slovakia – USA: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia
Time period: Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to the Permian (Wordian)
Diet: Herbivore
Size: 1 to 3.5 meters depending upon the species
Asian Asselian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 298.9 to 293.52 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
Genus: Helicoprion “Spiral saw“
Classification: Order: Eugeneodontida – Family: Agassizodontidae
Locations: Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, USA
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: 7.5 to 3 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Genus: Xenacanthus “Foreign spike”
Classification: Order: Xenacanthida – Family: Xenacanthidae
Locations: USA, Europe, and India
Time period: Late Devonian to end Triassic
Size: Up to 1 meters long
Diet: Carnivore
Australian Asselian Age/Stage Cisuralian (Early Permian): 298.9 to 293.52 million years ago
Common name: Ammonite
Classification: Suborder: Ammonitida – Suborder: Ammonoidae
Locality: Worldwide
Time range: Devonian to End Cretaceous
