Prehistoric Models: Marginocephalia
Marginocephalia meaning “edge head” consist of the horned dinosaurs known as Ceratopsians and the “ram-head” dinosaurs formally known as Pachycephalosaurs. Marginocephala first appear in the fossil record in the Jurassic period, but are best known for their late Cretaceous forms found in Asia and North America.
The two main groups are the Ceratopsians (meaning horn face) and the Pachycephalosaurs (meaning thick headed lizards) that are for some reason more commonly called “ram-heads” To see my fossil and cast replicas of Marginocephalia click here.
BASAL CERATOPSIANS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Suborder: Ceratopsia
Genus: Koreaceratops “Korea horn face“
Genus pronounced: Koe-ree-ah-seh-rah-tops
Species: K. hwaseongensis (type)
Named by: Yuong-Nam Lee, Michael J. Ryan & Yoshitsugo Kobayashi - 2011
Classification: Suborder: Ceratopsia
Time: Cretaceous (Albian)
Locality: South Korea – Tando Basin
Size: Uncertain meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Serendipaceratops “serendipitous horned face“
Genus pronounced: Se-ren-dip-ah-seh-rah-tops
Species: S. arthurcclarkei (type)
Named by: T. Rich and P. Vickers-Ric – 2003
Classification: Suborder: Ceratopsia
Time: Cretaceous (Aptian)
Locality: Australia – Wonthaggi Formation
Size: 2.3 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Psittacosaurus “parrot lizard“
Genus pronounced: Sit-tah-coe-sore-us
Species: P. mongoliensis (type), P. amitabha, P. gobiensis, P. lujiatunensis, P. major, P. mazongshanensis, P. meileyingensis, P. neimongoliensis, P. ordosensis, P. sibiricus, P. sinensis. P. xinjiangensis.
Named by: Henry Fairfield Osborn – 1923
Classification: Suborder: Ceratopsia – Family: Psittacosauridae
Time: Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian)
Locality: China, Mongolia, and Russia. Possibly also Thailand
Size: 2 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Leptoceratops “small horned face“
Genus pronounced: Lep-toe-ser-ah-tops
Species: L. gracilis (type)
Named by: Barnum Brown – 1914
Classification: Suborder: Ceratopsia – Family: Leptoceratopsidae
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta, USA: Wyoming
Size: 2 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Protoceratops “first horned face“
Genus pronounced: Pro-toe-seh-rah-tops
Species: P. andrewsi (type), P. hellenikorhinus
Named by: Walter W. Granger and William King Gregory – 1923
Classification: Suborder: Ceratopsia – Family: Protoceratopsidae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: China and Mongolia
Size: 1.8 to 2 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Zuniceratops “Zuni-horned face“
Genus pronounced: Zoo-nee-ceh-ra-tops.
Species: Z. christopheri.
Named by: Douglas G. Wolfe and James I. Kirkland – 1998.
Classification: Suborder: Ceratopsia – Clade: Ceratopsomorpha
Time: Cretaceous (Turonian)
Locality: U.S.A., New Mexico, Moreno Hill Formation.
Size: 3.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
CENTROSAURS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Suborder: Ceratopsia – Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Genus: Diabloceratops “Devil horned face“
Genus pronounced: Dee-ab-low-seh-rah-tops
Species: D. eatoni (type)
Named by: Jim Kirkland – 2010
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: Utah
Size: Unknown meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Achelousaurus “Achelous’s lizard“
Genus pronounced: Ah-kell-oo-sore-us
Species: A. horneri (type)
Named by: Scott Sampson – 1995
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: Montana – Two Medicine Formation
Size: Skull up to 1.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Monoclonius “single sprout“
Genus pronounced: Mon-oh-clo-nee-us
Species: M. crassus (type), M. lowei?
Named by: Edward Drinker Cope – 1876
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Time: Late Cretaceous
Locality: USA: Montana. Possibly Canada
Size: Unknown meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Nasutoceratops “large nosed horned face“
Genus pronounced: Na-su-to-seh-ra-tops
Species: N. titusi (type)
Named by: D. Sampson, E. K. Lund, M. A. Loewen, A. A. Farke & K. E. Clayton - 2013
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: Utah – Kaiparowits Formation
Size: 4.8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Xenoceratops “alien horned face“
Genus pronounced: Zee-noe-seh-rah-tops
Species: X. foremostensis (type)
Named by: M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans & K. M. Shepherd - 2012
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta – Foremost Formation
Size: 6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Styracosaurus “spiked lizard“
Genus pronounced: Sty-rak-oh-sore-us
Species: Styracosaurus parksi, S. sphenocerus, ‘S. borealis’
Named by: Lawrence Lambe – 1913
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation.
Size: 5.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Pachyrhinosaurus “thick nosed lizard“
Genus pronounced: Pack-ee-rye-no-sore-us
Species: P. canadensis (type), P. lakustai, P. perotorum
Named by: Charles Mortram Sternberg – 1950
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae – Tribe: Pachyrhinoaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada, Alberta - Bearpaw Formation, Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA, Alaska - Prince Creek Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Einiosaurus “buffalo lizard“
Genus pronounced: Ay-nee-o-sore-us
Species: E. procurvicornis (type)
Named by: Scott Sampson – 1995
Classification: Subfamily: Centrosaurinae – Tribe: Pachyrhinoaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: Montana – Two Medicine Formation
Size: 4.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Sinoceratops “Chinese Ceratopsian“
Genus pronounced: Sye-noh-seh-rah-tops.
Species: S. zhuchengensis (type).
Named by: Xu Xing, Wang KeBai, Zhao XiJin & Li DunJing – 2010.
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: China, Shandong Province.
Size: Skull is estimated to have measured as much as 1.8 meters long.
Diet: Herbivore
CHASMOSAURS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Suborder: Ceratopsia – Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae
Genus: Medusaceratops “Medusa horned face“
Genus pronounced: Me-dew-sa-seh-ra-tops
Species: M. lokii (type)
Named by: Ryan, Russel, and Hartman – 2010
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: Montana – Judith River Formation
Size: Unknown meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Kosmoceratops “ornament horned face“
Genus pronounced: Kos-mo-seh-rah-tops
Species: K. richardsoni (type)
Named by: S. D. Sampson, M. A. Loewen, A. A. Farke, E. M. Roberts, C. A. Forster, J. A. Smith & A. L. Titus - 2010
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: Utah – Kaiparowits Formation
Size: 4.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Mercuriceratops “Mercury horned face“
Genus pronounced: Mer-cu-re-seh-rah-tops
Species: M. gemini (type)
Named by: M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans, P. J. Currie & M. A. Lowman - 2014
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae?
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation. USA: Montana - Judith River Formation
Size: 4.5 to 4.8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Chasmosaurus “cleft lizard“
Genus pronounced: Kazz-moe-sore-us
Species: C. belli (type), C. russelli.
Named by: Lawrence Lambe – 1914
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation
Size: 4.3 to 4.8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Utahceratops “Utah horned face“
Genus pronounced: U-tah-seh-rah-tops
Species: U. gettyi (type)
Named by: S. D. Sampson, M. A. Loewen, A. A. Farke, E. M. Roberts, C. A. Forster, J. A. Smith & A.L. Titus - 2010
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: Utah – Kiaparowits Formation
Size: 4.5 to 5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Vagaceratops “Wandering horned face“
Genus pronounced: Va-ga-seh-rah-tops
Species: V. irvinensis (type)
Named by: Scott D. Sampson, Mark A. Loewen, Andrew A. Farke, Eric M. Roberts, Catherine A. Forster, Joshua A. Smith, & Alan L. Titus - 2010
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation.
Size: 6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Pentaceratops “five horned face“
Genus pronounced: Pen-tah-seh-rah-top
Species: P. sternbergii (type)
Named by: Henry Fairfield Osborn – 1923
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae
Time: Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: USA: New Mexico and Colorado
Size: 6 to 7 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Regaliceratops “royal horned face“
Genus pronounced: Re-gal-e-seh-rah-tops
Species: R. peterhewsi (type)
Named by: Caleb M. Brown & Donald M. Henderson - 2015
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tibe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Middle Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - St Mary River Formation
Size: 5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Torosaurus “perforated lizard“
Genus pronounced: Toh-ro-sore-us
Species: T. latus (type), T. utahensis?
Named by: Othniel CHarles Marsh – 1891
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Scollard Formation, Saskatchewan - Frenchman Formation. USA: Colorado - Laramie Formation, North Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota - Hell Creek Formation, Texas - Javelina Formation, Utah - North Horn Formation, Wyoming - Lance Formation.
Size: 7.5 to 7.6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Triceratops “three horned face“
Genus pronounced: Tri-seh-rah-tops
Species: T. prorsus
Named by: M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans, P. J. Currie & M. A. Lowman - 2014
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming. Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan
Size: 8 to 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Triceratops “three horned face“
Genus pronounced: Tri-seh-rah-tops
Species: T. horridus (type)
Named by: M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans, P. J. Currie & M. A. Lowman - 2014
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming. Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan
Size: 8 to 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Baby Triceratops “three horned face“
Genus pronounced: Tri-seh-rah-tops
Species: T. horridus (type)
Named by: M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans, P. J. Currie & M. A. Lowman - 2014
Classification: Family: Ceratopsidae – Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae – Tribe: Triceratopsini
Time: Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming. Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan
Size: 8 to 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
PACHYCEPHALOSAURS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Family: Pachycephalosauridae – Sunfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae – Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini
Genus: Dracorex “dragon king”
Genus pronounced: Dray-coe-reks
Species: D. hogwartsia (type)
Named by: R. T. Bakker - R. M. Sullivan, V. Porter, P. Larson & S. J. Saulsbury - 2006
Classification: Family: Pachycephalosauridae – Subfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae – Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA: South Dakota – Hell Creek Formation
Size: 3 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Stygimoloch “Styx demon”
Genus pronounced: Stij-e-mol-ok
Species: S. spinifer (type)
Named by: P. M. Galton and H. D. Sues – 1983
Classification: Family: Pachycephalosauridae – Subfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae – Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: USA – Ferris Formation, Hell Creek Formation
Size: 3 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
