Prehistoric Models: Ornithopoda
The ornithopoda meaning “bird foot” are a group of herbivorous dinosaurs that first appear in the early Jurassic, and went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. Many are bipedal and run on their hind legs, while some of the larger species walk on all four (quadrapedal). The most famous members of this group are the thumb spiked Iguanodonts and the numerous hadrosaurus or as they are more commonly known the “duck billed dinosaurs”.
HYPSILOPHODONTS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Clade: Genasauria – Clade: Neornithischia – Clade: Cerapoda – Suborder: Ornithopoda
Genus: Leaellynasaura “Leaellyn’s lizard“
Genus pronounced: Lee-all-lin-ah-saw-rah
Species: L. amicagraphica
Named by: Tom Rich and Patricia Vickers-Rich – 1989
Classification: Family: Hypsilophodontidae
Time: Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian)
Locality: Australia, Victoria
Size: 2 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Hypsilophodon “Hypsilophus tooth“
Genus pronounced: Hip-sil-o-foe-don
Species: H. foxii (type)
Named by: Thomas Henry Huxley - 1870
Classification: Family: Hypsilophodontidae
Time: Cretaceous (Barremian)
Locality: England, Isle of Wight – Wessex Formation
Size: 1.5 to 1.8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Hypsilophodon “Hypsilophus tooth“
Genus pronounced: Hip-sil-o-foe-don
Species: H. foxii (type)
Named by: Thomas Henry Huxley - 1870
Classification: Family: Hypsilophodontidae
Time: Cretaceous (Barremian)
Locality: England, Isle of Wight – Wessex Formation
Size: 1.5 to 1.8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
DRYOSAURS and CAMPTOSAURS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Clade: Genasauria – Clade: Neornithischia – Clade: Cerapoda – Suborder: Ornithopoda – Clade: Dryomorpha
Genus: Dryosaurus “Oak lizard”
Genus pronounced: Dry-o-sore-us
Species: D. altus, D. elderae
Named by: Othniel CHalres Marsh – 1894
Classification: Superfamily: Dryosauroidea – Family Dryosauridae
Time: Late Jurassic (Oxfordian to Tithonian)
Locality: USA, Morison Formation
Size: 2.4 to 4.3 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Callovosaurus “Callovian lizard”
Genus pronounced: Cal-lo-vo-sore-us
Species: C. leedsi (type)
Named by: Peter M. Galton – 1980
Classification: Superfamily: Dryosauroidea – Family Dryosauridae
Time: Jurassic (Callovian)
Locality: England, Cambridgeshire – Oxford Clay Formation
Size: ? meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Camptosaurus “Bend lizard”
Genus pronounced: Camp-toe-sore-us
Species: C. dispar (type)
Named by: Othniel Charles Marsh – 1885
Classification: Superfamily: Camptosauroidea – Family Camptosauridae
Time: Jurassic (Callovian to Tithonian)
Locality: USA
Size: 6 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
IGUANODONTS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Clade: Genasauria – Clade: Neornithischia – Clade: Cerapoda – Suborder: Ornithopoda – Clade: Iguanodontia
Genus: Tenontosaurus “Sinew lizard”
Genus pronounced: Te-non-to-sore-us
Species: T. tiletti (type), T. dossi
Named by: John Ostrom – 1970
Classification: Clade: Iguanodontia
Time: Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian)
Locality: Western North America
Size: 6.5 to 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Iguanodon “Iguana tooth“
Genus pronounced: Ig-wah-no-don
Species: I. bernissartensis (neotype), I. galvensis
Named by: Gideon Mantell – 1825
Classification: Clade: Iguanodontia – Family: Iguanodontidae
Time: Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian and Cenomanian?)
Locality: Initially associated with Western Europe, attributed remains are now known in Africa, Asia and North America
Size: 10 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Muttaburrasaurus “Muttaburra lizard“
Genus pronounced: Mut-tah-buh-rah-sore-us
Species: M. langdoni (type)
Named by: Alan Bartholomai & Ralph. E. Molnar - 1981
Classification: Clade: Iguanodontia – Family: Rhabdodontidae
Time: Cretaceous (Albian to early Cenomanian)
Locality: Australia, Queensland – Mackunda Formation, possibly also New South Wales - Lightning Ridge
Size: 7 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
HADROSAURIFORMES
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Clade: Genasauria – Clade: Neornithischia – Clade: Cerapoda – Suborder: Ornithopoda – Clade: Styracosterna – Clade: Hadrosauriformes
Genus: Mantellisaurus “Mantell’s lizard“
Genus pronounced: Man-tel-le-sore-us
Species: M. atherfieldensis (type)
Named by: Gregory S. Paul – 2007
Classification: Clade: Hadrosauriformes
Time: Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian)
Locality: England, Isle of Wight – Wessex Formation
Size: 7 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Ouranosaurus “brave lizard“
Genus pronounced: Or-an-o-sore-us
Species: O. nigeriensis (type)
Named by: Philiooe Taquet – 1976
Classification: Clade: Hadrosauriformes
Time: Cretaceous (Aptian to Cenomanian)
Locality: Africa, Niger - Echkar Formation. Specimens also known from other locations in Africa
Size: 7 to 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
HADROSAURS
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithischia – Clade: Genasauria – Clade: Neornithischia – Clade: Cerapoda – Suborder: Ornithopoda – Family: Hadreosauridae – Subfamily: Saurolophinae
Name: Edmontosaurus “Edmonton lizard”
Genus pronounced: Ed-mon-toe-sore-us
Species: E. regalis
Named by: …
Classification: Tribe: Edmontosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta and Saskatchewan. USA: Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming.
Size: 9 to as much as 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Edmontosaurus “Edmonton lizard”
Genus pronounced: Ed-mon-toe-sore-us
Species: E. annectens
Named by: Lawrence Lambe – 1917
Classification: Tribe: Edmontosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta and Saskatchewan. USA: Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming.
Size: 9 to as much as 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Name: Ananotitan “giant duck”
Genus pronounced: An-an-o-ty-tan
New Genus: Now classified as a species of Edmontosaurus
Named by: …
Classification: Tribe: Edmontosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta and Saskatchewan. USA: Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming.
Size: 9 to as much as 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Maiasaura “good mother lizard”
Genus pronounced: My-ah-sore-ah
Species: M. peeblesorum (type)
Named by: Jack Horner and Robert Makela – 1979
Classification: Tribe: Brachylophosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian)
Locality: United States: Montana – Two Medicine Formation
Size: 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Gryposaurus “hook nosed lizard“
Genus pronounced: Grip-o-sore-us
Species: G. notabilis (type), G. latidens, G. monumentensis
Named by: Lawrence Lambe – 1914
Classification: Tribe: Kritosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Late Sanonian to Campanian)
Locality: United States: Montana – Two Medicine Formation, Utah – Kaiparowits Formation. Canada: Alberta-Dinosaur Park Formation
Size: 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Saurolophus “lizard crest“
Genus pronounced: Sore-o-loe-fus
Species: H. foxii (type)
Named by: Barnum Brown – 1912
Classification: Tribe: Saurolophini
Time: Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Mongolia - Nemegt Formation. Possibly also USA: California - Moreno Formation and China - Heilongjiang Province
Size: 10 to 12 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Kamuysaurus “deity lizard“
Genus pronounced: Kah-mu-e-sore-us
Species: K. japonicus(type)
Named by: Y. Kobayashi, T. Nishimura, R. Takasaki, K. Chiba, A. R. Fiorillo, K. Tanaka, T. Chinzorig, T. Sato & K. Sakurai - 2019
Classification: Tribe: Saurolophini
Time: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Locality: Japan - Hakobuchi Formation
Size: 8 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Reptilia – Clade: Dinosauria – Order: Ornithopoda – Family: Hadrosauridae – Subfamily: Lambeosaurinae
Genus: Parasaurolophus “near lizard crest”
Genus: pronounced: Pah-rah-sore-o-loe-fus
Species: P. walkeri (type), P. tubicen, P. cyrtocristatus
Named by: William Parks – 1922
Classification: Tribe: Parasaurolophini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada : Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation. USA: New Mexico - Kirtland Formation, possibly Fruitland Formation, Utah - Kaiparowits Formation.
Size: 9.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Lambeosaurus “Lambe’s lizard”
Genus pronounced: “Lam-be-o-sore-us
Species: L. lambei (type). L. magnicristatus, possibly L. paucidens
Named by: WIlliams Parks – 1923
Classification: Tribe: Lambeosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta. USA: Montana. Possibly also Baja California.
Size: 9 to 9.5 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Tsintaosaurus “Qingdao lizard”
Genus pronounced: Sin-dow-sore-us
Species: T. spinorhinus (type)
Named by: C. C. Young – 1958
Classification: Tribe:
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: China, Shandong Province
Size: 10 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Corythosaurus “helmet lizard“
Genus pronounced: Cor-ith-o-sore-us
Species: C. casuarius (type), C. intermedius
Named by: Barnum Brown -1914
Classification: Tribe: Lambeosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta. USA: Montana
Size: 9 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
Genus: Hypacrosaurus “near the high lizard”
Genus pronounced: Hie-pak-roe-sore-us
Species: H. altispinus (type), H. stebinger
Named by: Barnum Brown – 1923
Classification: Tribe: Lambeosaurini
Time: Late Cretaceous (Campanian to early Maastrichtian)
Locality: Canada: Alberta - Horseshoe Canyon Formation. USA: Montana - Two Medicine Formation
Size: 9.1 meters long
Diet: Herbivore
